Exploring the Potential of Epiregulin and Amphiregulin as Prognostic, Predictive, and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer.
Browse case evidence
End-to-end evidence case
AREG, EREG and EGFR inhibition in colorectal cancer
What role does epiregulin and amphiregulin play in the use of EGFR inhibitors for colorectal cancer?
Abstract-reported scopeModel generatedNot expert validated
Biological input
The question is decomposed before retrieval.
- Genes
- AREG · EREG · EGFR
- Context
- Colorectal cancer · EGFR inhibitors · predictive biomarker role
- Species
- Not explicitly specified; publication annotations remain visible
Candidate funnel
277,638 graph-linked publications entered ranking.
277,638unique gene-linked candidates
12,423mention 2 of 3 requested genes
1,513mention all 3 requested genes
10returned after coverage-then-semantic ranking
5selected for synthesis
The retrieval funnel narrows and ranks candidate publications; it does not determine their scientific relevance. Gene links retrieve candidates; semantic similarity orders topical relevance within gene-coverage tiers.
Selected evidence
Five title-and-abstract records formed the synthesis context.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the prognostic and predictive power of epidermal growth factor receptor ligand levels in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Epigenetic regulation of Amphiregulin and Epiregulin in colorectal cancer.
Amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA expression in primary tumors predicts outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab.
Amphiregulin Expression Is a Predictive Biomarker for EGFR Inhibition in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Combined Analysis of Three Randomized Trials.
Generated output
Structured claims preserve claim-to-PMID links.
Direct answer · model generated · not expert validated
Epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG) play a predictive role in the response to EGFR inhibitors in colorectal cancer, particularly in KRAS wild-type tumors. Their expression levels are associated with improved outcomes, including progression-free survival and overall survival, when treated with anti-EGFR therapies such as cetuximab.
AREG and EREG expression levels in primary tumors are predictive of response to anti-EGFR therapies in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.
High AREG mRNA expression is associated with improved overall survival and progression-free survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR therapies.
EREG positivity is associated with longer overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with EGFR inhibitors, particularly in those with left-sided primary tumors.
AREG and EREG are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including gene-body methylation, which can influence their expression and response to EGFR-targeted therapies.
Deterministic validation
Structural checks passed—but that is not scientific validation.
PassedSchema · claim citations present · citations selected · stances valid · provenance recorded
A selected PMID can still be attached to the wrong claim. Deterministic membership checks establish traceability and schema compliance, not whether the cited publication supports the sentence.
Automated judge
Inspect the judgment before accepting its label.
Returned assessment for claim 3
- Judgment
- Supported
- Citation support
- Moderate
- Context match
- Partial
- Overstatement risk
- Low
- PMID used
- 33775193
Judge rationaleThe provided evidence shows that EREG positivity is associated with longer overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with EGFR inhibitors, particularly in those with left-sided primary tumors, as reported in the study with PMID 33775193.
Why this judgment failed the citation audit
Claim citationPMID 40727266
PMID assessed by the judgePMID 33775193
The judge found relevant support elsewhere in the five-paper context and labeled the claim supported. That does not validate the citation actually attached to claim 3. A claim-level citation auditor must assess the claim against its cited evidence only; it must not search for a replacement paper.
Product action
- Restrict each claim audit to its cited publication snapshots.
- Capture this failure as an adversarial evaluator case.
- Test correct citation, wrong PMID, unsupported clause, omitted contradiction, justified abstention, and missed answerable evidence.
- Require expert calibration before judge output can support a quality or release claim.
Provenance
A public record without private implementation details.
Historical generator
Qwen3-8B · pinned revision
Temperature 0 · 1,024 output-token cap
Historical judge
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3 · pinned revision
Temperature 0 · 2,048 output-token cap
Review status
Automated judge provisional
Expert review not completed
Release readiness not assessed